Two Stories about Flying - His First Flight by Liam O'Flaherty and Black Aeroplane by Frederick Forsyth - Class 10 UP Board (English)

His First Flight by Liam O'Flaherty for Class 10 UP Board (English) 

📘 About the Author – Liam O’Flaherty

Name: Liam O’Flaherty
Born: August 28, 1896, Ireland
Died: September 7, 1984
Famous For: Short stories, novels
Genre: Realism, Naturalism, Social issues

Liam O’Flaherty was an Irish writer best known for his short stories and novels based on real-life struggles. He wrote about ordinary people and their emotions. His language is simple but powerful. In "His First Flight," he shows how fear can stop someone from achieving success, but with encouragement, one can overcome fear.

---

📖 About the Lesson – His First Flight

This lesson is a short story about a young seagull who is afraid to fly. While all his brothers and sisters have learned to fly, he remains scared and unsure. The story describes his journey from fear to courage and how he finally makes his first flight. It teaches us the value of self-confidence, courage, and support from family.

---

📚 Long Summary in English

"His First Flight" is a story about a young seagull who is scared to fly. His brothers and sister have already flown away, but he is still sitting on the ledge of a rock. He sees his family flying, diving, and catching fish, but he is too afraid to trust his wings.

His family tries to encourage him. They even scold and threaten to leave him hungry. One day, the young seagull is left alone on the rock. He becomes very hungry. He sees his mother flying toward him with a piece of fish. He is excited and wants the food. But the mother does not come close enough. She stays just out of reach.

When he tries to get the fish, he falls off the rock. At first, he is terrified. But then, something amazing happens — his wings spread out, and he starts flying. He is surprised and happy. Now he is flying high in the sky. He joins his family, and they all celebrate his first flight.

This story teaches us that fear is natural, but we must try. Once we face our fear, we find that we are stronger than we thought.

---

📗 Long Summary in Hindi (दीर्घ सारांश)

"His First Flight" एक युवा सीगल (समुद्री पक्षी) की कहानी है, जिसे उड़ने से डर लगता है। उसके भाई-बहन पहले ही उड़ना सीख चुके हैं, लेकिन वह चट्टान के किनारे बैठा रहता है। उसे डर है कि कहीं वह गिर न जाए।

उसके माता-पिता उसे उड़ने के लिए प्रेरित करते हैं। वे उसे डांटते हैं, डराते हैं और खाना देना बंद कर देते हैं। एक दिन पूरा परिवार उसे अकेला छोड़ देता है। वह बहुत भूखा हो जाता है।

तभी वह अपनी माँ को मछली के एक टुकड़े के साथ उड़ते हुए देखता है। माँ पास आती है, लेकिन इतनी नहीं कि वह मछली पकड़ सके। भूख के कारण, वह मछली की ओर झपटता है और चट्टान से नीचे गिर जाता है।

गिरते समय वह डर जाता है, लेकिन जब उसके पंख फैलते हैं, तो वह खुद को उड़ते हुए पाता है। वह बहुत खुश होता है। अब वह अपने परिवार के साथ उड़ता है। यह उसका पहला उड़ान (First Flight) होता है।

यह कहानी हमें सिखाती है कि डर स्वाभाविक है, लेकिन हमें कोशिश करनी चाहिए। जब हम डर का सामना करते हैं, तब हमें अपनी असली ताकत का पता चलता है।

✍️ Frederick Forsyth

• Full Name: Frederick McCarthy Forsyth

• Born: 25 August 1938, United Kingdom

• Profession: Journalist, Novelist

• Famous For: Thriller and mystery novels

• Famous Work: The Day of the Jackal, Black Aeroplane (Short Story)

📌 Fact: He was once a pilot, and his stories often include air travel, suspense, and unexpected twists.

Black Aeroplane – Summary in English

The narrator (pilot) was flying from France to England at night. The weather was clear at first, but then he was caught in a dark storm. All instruments — compass, radio — failed. He was lost in the dark clouds.

Suddenly, he saw a black aeroplane flying next to him. The pilot in that plane guided him safely to an airport. But after landing, when he asked the airport staff about the other plane, they said no other plane was flying that night. It was a mystery — who helped him?

🌌 Black Aeroplane – Summary in Hindi

कहानी एक पायलट की है जो रात में फ्रांस से इंग्लैंड जा रहा होता है। मौसम पहले साफ था लेकिन बाद में वह काले बादलों में फँस जाता है। उसके सभी यंत्र — कम्पास, रेडियो — काम करना बंद कर देते हैं।

तभी एक काला हवाई जहाज उसके पास आता है और उसे सुरक्षित हवाई अड्डे तक पहुँचा देता है। जब वह पायलट वहाँ के अधिकारियों से उस काले जहाज के बारे में पूछता है, तो वे कहते हैं कि उस रात कोई और जहाज नहीं था। यह एक रहस्य बन जाता है — उसे मदद किसने की?

📝 4. 150 Difficult Word Meanings

Word	Pronunciation (in Hindi)	Meaning (in Hindi)
Ledge	लेज	चट्टान या दीवार की मुंडेर
Seagull	सीगल	समुद्री पक्षी
Flap	फ्लैप	पंख फड़फड़ाना
Cowardice	काउर्डिस	कायरता
Muster	मस्टर	इकट्ठा करना (हिम्मत)
Soar	सोर	ऊँची उड़ान भरना
Glide	ग्लाइड	फिसलते हुए उड़ना
Beneath	बिनीथ	नीचे
Swoop	स्वूप	तेजी से नीचे आना
Beckoning	बेकनिंग	इशारा करना
Devour	डिवॉर	लालच से खाना
Plunge	प्लंज	कूदना या गिरना
Screech	स्क्रीच	चीखना
Curveting	कर्वेटिंग	चक्कर लगाना (हवा में)
Shriek	श्रिक	जोर से चिल्लाना
Triumph	ट्रायम्फ	विजय
Roar	रोअर	गरजना
Storm	स्टॉर्म	तूफान
Compass	कंपस	दिशा सूचक यंत्र
Radio	रेडियो	संचार यंत्र
Control Room	कंट्रोल रूम	नियंत्रण कक्ष
Fuel	फ्यूल	ईंधन
Tank	टैंक	ईंधन पात्र
Safe Landing	सेफ लैंडिंग	सुरक्षित उतरना
Airport	एयरपोर्ट	हवाई अड्डा
Disappear	डिसअपियर	गायब होना
Mystery	मिस्ट्री	रहस्य
Instrument	इंस्ट्रूमेंट	यंत्र
Trembling	ट्रेम्बलिंग	काँपना
Hesitation	हेज़िटेशन	हिचकिचाहट
Encouragement	एन्करेजमेंट	उत्साहवर्धन
Attempt	अटेम्प्ट	प्रयास
Helpless	हेल्पलेस	असहाय
Gasp	गैस्प	साँस खींचना
Reluctant	रिलक्टैंट	अनिच्छुक
Wing	विंग	पंख
Sky	स्काई	आकाश
Courage	करेज	साहस
Hope	होप	आशा
Confidence	कॉन्फिडेंस	आत्म-विश्वास
Risk	रिस्क	जोखिम
Success	सक्सेस	सफलता

Panic	पैनिक	घबराहट
Attempt	अटेम्प्ट	प्रयास करना
Fail	फेल	असफल होना
Learn	लर्न	सीखना
Alone	अलोन	अकेला
Hunger	हंगर	भूख
Trick	ट्रिक	चाल, तरकीब
Family	फैमिली	परिवार
Edge	ऐज	किनारा
Below	बिलो	नीचे
High	हाई	ऊँचाई
Drop	ड्रॉप	गिरना
Float	फ्लोट	तैरना (हवा/पानी में)
Catch	कैच	पकड़ना
Cry	क्राय	चिल्लाना / रोना
Joy	जॉय	खुशी
Fear	फियर	डर
Encourage	एन्करेज	उत्साहित करना
Inspire	इन्स्पायर	प्रेरित करना
Struggle	स्ट्रगल	संघर्ष
Overcome	ओवरकम	पार पाना
Effort	एफर्ट	प्रयास
Sudden	सडन	अचानक
Brave	ब्रेव	बहादुर
Proud	प्राउड	गर्व
Journey	जर्नी	यात्रा
Experience	एक्सपीरियंस	अनुभव
Darkness	डार्कनेस	अंधकार
Cloud	क्लाउड	बादल
Dangerous	डेंजरस	खतरनाक
Voice	वॉयस	आवाज़
Silent	साइलेंट	चुप
Situation	सिचुएशन	स्थिति
Confused	कन्फ्यूज्ड	भ्रमित
Guide	गाइड	मार्गदर्शन करना
Appear	अपीयर	दिखाई देना
Faith	फेथ	विश्वास
Invisible	इनविज़िबल	अदृश्य
Present	प्रेज़ेंट	मौजूद
Strange	स्ट्रेंज	अजीब
Energy	एनर्जी	ऊर्जा
Smooth	स्मूथ	आसान, मुलायम
Grateful	ग्रेटफुल	आभारी
Save	सेव	बचाना
Safety	सेफ्टी	सुरक्षा
Warning	वार्निंग	चेतावनी
Light	लाइट	रोशनी
Airport Staff	एयरपोर्ट स्टाफ	हवाई अड्डे के कर्मचारी
Surprise	सरप्राइज़	आश्चर्य
Impossible	इम्पॉसिबल	असंभव
Reality	रियालिटी	वास्तविकता
Believe	बिलीव	विश्वास करना
Spirit	स्पिरिट	आत्मा / भावना
Calm	काम	शांत
Pilot	पायलट	विमान चालक
Thunder	थंडर	गरज
Lightning	लाइटनिंग	बिजली (कड़क)
Decision	डिसीजन	निर्णय
Direction	डाइरेक्शन	दिशा
Desperate	डेस्परेट	निराश
Shadow	शैडो	छाया
Control	कंट्रोल	नियंत्रण
Lost	लॉस्ट	खो जाना
Courageous	करेजियस	साहसी
Air	एयर	हवा
Heavy	हेवी	भारी
Wide	वाइड	चौड़ा
Wonder	वंडर	आश्चर्य
Dream	ड्रीम	सपना
Feeling	फीलिंग	भावना
Lift	लिफ्ट	ऊपर उठना
Blow	ब्लो	बहना (हवा)
Movement	मूवमेंट	गति
Fearful	फियरफुल	डरावना
Climb	क्लाइम्ब	चढ़ना
Nose Dive	नोज डाइव	नाक के बल गिरना (तेजी से गिरना)
Nervous	नर्वस	घबराया हुआ
Focus	फोकस	ध्यान केंद्रित करना
Hopeful	होपफुल	आशावादी
Alone	अलोन	अकेला
Near	नियर	पास
Far	फार	दूर
Close	क्लोज	नजदीक
Message	मैसेज	संदेश
Trouble	ट्रबल	परेशानी
Reach	रीच	पहुँच जाना
Fly	फ्लाय	उड़ना
Dawn	डॉन	सुबह की रोशनी
Horizon	होराइजन	क्षितिज
Destination	डेस्टिनेशन	गंतव्य
Thankful	थैंकफुल	धन्यवादपूर्ण
Float	फ्लोट	बहना
Twist	ट्विस्ट	मोड़ (घटना में)
Unexpected	अनएक्सपेक्टेड	अप्रत्याशित
Rescue	रेस्क्यू	बचाव करना
Believe	बिलीव	विश्वास करना
Shadowy	शैडोई	धुंधला
Guide	गाइड	मार्गदर्शक
Path	पाथ	रास्ता
Safe	सेफ	सुरक्षित
Risky	रिस्की	जोखिमभरा

📘 Short Answer Type Questions (30 words)

Q.1. Why was the young seagull afraid of flying?
👉 He was afraid of falling from the height. He thought his wings would not support him. He lacked confidence and was scared of flying in the open sky.

Q.2. What did the seagull do to draw the attention of his family?
👉 He cried and walked on the ledge. He tried to attract them by showing pain. He wanted them to give him food or help him fly.

Q.3. Why did the young seagull scream?
👉 The young seagull screamed when he jumped off the ledge. He was scared at first but then felt happy as he started flying for the first time.

Q.4. How did the young seagull start flying and overcome his fear of the water?
👉 When he was hungry, his mother flew near him with food. He jumped to get it and started flying. Later, he landed on the sea and floated easily.

Q.5. How did the seagull express his excitement when he saw his mother bringing food for him?
👉 The young seagull was very happy. He cried loudly and flapped his wings. He was too hungry and rushed toward his mother when he saw food in her beak.

Q.6. How much fuel was there in the aeroplane when the writer started flying?
👉 The writer had only enough fuel to fly for five to ten minutes more. He was in danger if he didn’t find help soon during his flight in the storm.

Q.7. What risk did the writer take while flying?
👉 The writer took a big risk by flying into the dark clouds. He had no idea about the direction and weather, but he still entered the storm to move forward.

Q.8. Why did the writer follow the pilot of another plane?
👉 The writer was lost in the storm. He saw another plane and followed it because he believed the pilot would guide him safely out of the dark clouds.

Q.9. What did the writer see inside the black clouds?
👉 Inside the black clouds, everything was dark. He couldn’t see any lights or other aircraft. The plane was shaking, and the compass and radio were not working properly.

Q.10. Why did the writer want to meet the pilot of the black aeroplane?
👉 The writer wanted to thank the unknown pilot who helped him during the storm. He saved his life by guiding him safely to the airport in that dark night.

Q.11. What is a seagull? What is the lesson ‘His First Flight’ about?
👉 A seagull is a bird that lives near the sea. ‘His First Flight’ teaches us to be brave and take the first step to overcome our fear and doubt.

---

📘 Long Answer Type Questions (60 words)

Q.1. "Black Aeroplane" is a mystery story. Explain.
👉 The story becomes a mystery because the black aeroplane and its pilot disappear after helping the writer. No one saw that plane on the radar. The writer was safe, but no one knew who the pilot was. It seemed like a dream or a miracle. So, the story is full of mystery and surprise.

Q.2. Why was the writer happy when he decided to fly in the night?
👉 The writer was flying from France to England. He was happy because he would be home with his family for breakfast. The sky was clear, and the weather was good. He felt excited and free while flying his plane. He didn’t know about the coming storm. At that time, he was enjoying the flight.

Q.3. What methods were used by the seagull’s family to help him overcome his fear of flying?
👉 The young seagull was afraid of flying. His family did not help him directly. They left him alone on the ledge. His mother used food to make him fly. When he jumped for food, he started flying. His family encouraged and celebrated his flight. In this way, they helped him without forcing.

Q.4. How did you find the young seagull learn floating on the sea? What is the message of the lesson?
👉 After flying, the young seagull landed on the sea. At first, he was afraid. But soon he found that his body floated on the water. He was happy and safe. The lesson gives a message of courage. We should believe in ourselves and take the first step. Confidence comes when we try something new.

Q.5. How did the young seagull learn floating on the sea?
👉 When the young seagull flew for the first time, he came down to the sea. He thought he would sink but found himself floating easily. It gave him joy. He learned that fear is only in the mind. Once we try, 

30 exam-oriented Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) based on the UP Board Class 10 English lesson:
📘 “Two Stories About Flying”
✈️ (Part I: His First Flight – by Liam O’Flaherty)
🌌 (Part II: The Black Aeroplane – by Frederick Forsyth)

✅ MCQs: Two Stories About Flying

✈️ Part I: His First Flight (By Liam O’Flaherty)

1. Who is the main character in 'His First Flight'?
   a) A pilot
   b) A baby bird
   c) A young seagull
   d) A penguin
   → c) A young seagull

2. What was the young seagull afraid of?
   a) Heights
   b) Water
   c) Flying
   d) Food
   → c) Flying

3. What did his parents do to force him to fly?
   a) Shouted at him
   b) Left him alone
   c) Hit him
   d) Taught him flying
   → b) Left him alone

4. How many siblings did the young seagull have?
   a) Two
   b) One
   c) Three
   d) Four
   → a) Two

5. What did the young seagull see his brother doing on the ledge?
   a) Dancing
   b) Flying
   c) Playing with shells
   d) Eating fish
   → b) Flying

6. What did his mother do to trick him?
   a) Gave him a push
   b) Scolded him
   c) Offered food near the edge
   d) Flew away
   → c) Offered food near the edge

7. What type of food did his mother carry to him?
   a) Bread
   b) Insects
   c) Fish
   d) Worm
   → c) Fish

8. What happened when the seagull jumped for food?
   a) He fell
   b) He flew
   c) He got hurt
   d) His mother caught him
   → b) He flew

9. What emotion did the seagull feel after flying?
   a) Sadness
   b) Fear
   c) Joy
   d) Anger
   → c) Joy

10. What is the theme of “His First Flight”?
    a) Nature’s cruelty
    b) Importance of food
    c) Overcoming fear
    d) Family bonding
    → c) Overcoming fear

11. Where did the seagull live?
    a) On a beach
    b) On a tree
    c) On a mountain
    d) On a ledge of a cliff
    → d) On a ledge of a cliff

12. What lesson does the story teach?
    a) Be lazy
    b) Avoid flying
    c) Take help always
    d) Believe in yourself and try
    → d) Believe in yourself and try

13. What is the seagull’s first reaction when he begins flying?
    a) Cries
    b) Becomes unconscious
    c) Shouts with joy
    d) Faints
    → c) Shouts with joy

14. Who writes “His First Flight”?
    a) Liam O’Flaherty
    b) Frederick Forsyth
    c) William Blake
    d) O. Henry
    → a) Liam O’Flaherty

15. What did the seagull enjoy most while flying?
    a) Fish
    b) The wind
    c) The sea
    d) His shadow
    → b) The wind

---

🌌 Part II: The Black Aeroplane (By Frederick Forsyth)

16. Who is the author of “The Black Aeroplane”?
    a) Liam O’Flaherty
    b) Frederick Forsyth
    c) Nelson Mandela
    d) Roald Dahl
    → b) Frederick Forsyth

17. Where was the pilot flying from?
    a) India
    b) France
    c) England
    d) America
    → b) France

18. What was the destination of the pilot?
    a) Paris
    b) Berlin
    c) London
    d) Delhi
    → c) London

19. What type of airplane was the narrator flying?
    a) Boeing
    b) Old Dakota
    c) Fighter jet
    d) Helicopter
    → b) Old Dakota

20. What time was it when the pilot started flying?
    a) Afternoon
    b) Midnight
    c) Early morning
    d) Evening
    → c) Early morning

21. What problem did the pilot face during the flight?
    a) No petrol
    b) Thunderstorm
    c) Engine failure
    d) Airport closed
    → b) Thunderstorm

22. What happened to the compass during the storm?
    a) Showed correct direction
    b) Got broken
    c) Stopped working
    d) Disappeared
    → c) Stopped working

23. What did the pilot see in the storm?
    a) Light
    b) Another plane
    c) Mountains
    d) River
    → b) Another plane

24. What color was the mysterious plane?
    a) White
    b) Yellow
    c) Black
    d) Red
    → c) Black

25. How many engines did the black aeroplane have?
    a) Two
    b) Four
    c) One
    d) Three
    → a) Two

26. What did the black plane’s pilot do?
    a) Vanished
    b) Led the narrator safely
    c) Took him to another city
    d) Dropped a message
    → b) Led the narrator safely

27. What surprised the narrator at the airport?
    a) No one saw the black plane
    b) His plane was missing
    c) His watch was broken
    d) No airport lights
    → a) No one saw the black plane

28. Who helped the narrator according to him?
    a) Airport staff
    b) Black plane’s pilot
    c) Control tower
    d) His co-pilot
    → b) Black plane’s pilot

29. What was the name of narrator’s plane?
    a) Dakota
    b) Fighter
    c) Falcon
    d) Thunder
    → a) Dakota

30. What is the theme of “The Black Aeroplane”?
    a) Love and betrayal
    b) Adventure and mystery
    c) Business and travel
    d) Fear and anger
    → b) Adventure and mystery

Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom" Class 10 UP Board English short/long answer type questions

 Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom" Class 10 UP Board English  short/long answer type questions

About Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela was a great freedom fighter and the first Black President of South Africa. Born on 18 July 1918, he dedicated his life to fighting against the brutal system of apartheid — a policy of racial segregation and discrimination enforced by the South African government.

Mandela spent 27 years in prison for his efforts to bring equality and justice to his country. He was released in 1990, and in 1994, he became the first democratically elected President of South Africa. He is respected all over the world for his courage, sacrifice, and commitment to peace and reconciliation. He passed away on 5 December 2013, but his legacy still inspires millions.

About the Lesson: "Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom"

This lesson is an extract from Nelson Mandela’s autobiography, "Long Walk to Freedom". It describes the historic day of 10 May 1994, when South Africa had its first democratic elections and Nelson Mandela was sworn in as President.

In this lesson:

• Mandela shares his feelings of pride, honour  and responsibility on becoming the President.

• He pays tribute to all those freedom fighters, both known and unknown, who fought against the injustice of apartheid.

• He talks about the sacrifices made by countless brave men and women who stood up against oppression.

• Mandela emphasizes that no one is born hating another person because of the colour of their skin or background.

• He believes that love comes more naturally to the human heart than hate.

• He defines true freedom not just as breaking chains of oppression, but as living in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others.

Moral and Message of the Lesson

• Courage is not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it.

• Freedom, equality, and justice are the rights of all people.

• Hatred can be overcome by love, understanding, and forgiveness.

• Real leaders serve their people with humility and purpose.

Long Summary: “Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom”

The lesson "Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom" is an autobiographical extract from the book written by Nelson Mandela, the first Black President of South Africa. It narrates the historic event of 10 May 1994, the day South Africa saw the end of apartheid and the beginning of a new democratic nation. On this day, Nelson Mandela took oath as the President of South Africa in a grand ceremony held at the Union Buildings in Pretoria.

The Day of Freedom

Mandela describes this day as a moment of great pride and joy not just for himself, but for all the people of South Africa who had suffered under the cruel system of racial segregation (apartheid). Dignitaries and leaders from all over the world attended the ceremony, symbolizing international support and recognition for the newly free South Africa.

During the ceremony, the country saw two national anthems being sung – one for the whites and one for the blacks – showing a step toward unity and equal respect for all communities.

A Tribute to Freedom Fighters

Mandela deeply remembers and honours all the freedom fighters – known and unknown – who sacrificed their lives in the long struggle for equality. He acknowledges that he is only the representative of those thousands of brave men and women who never gave up their hope, even when they were tortured, imprisoned, or killed.

He feels that the real heroes are those who laid the foundation of the freedom struggle, and because of their efforts, the people of South Africa could finally live in a nation where justice and human dignity were respected.

The Meaning of Freedom

Mandela talks about how his understanding of freedom changed over time. As a child, he thought freedom simply meant being able to play, roam freely, and live without restrictions. But as he grew older, he realized that freedom meant more than just personal liberty — it included the freedom of everyone to live equally, without fear or discrimination.

He also understood that true freedom is not just for oneself, but for others as well. A person who limits another’s freedom is not truly free either.

Courage and Sacrifice

Mandela reflects on the fact that courage is not the absence of fear, but the ability to overcome it. He admires the strength and bravery of the people who fought against apartheid and says that no one is born hating another person because of the colour of their skin, background, or religion. Love and respect come more naturally to the human heart than hatred.

He also speaks of the twin obligations every man has: one to his family, and one to his country. Under apartheid, fulfilling both was impossible. But Mandela believed that the struggle for freedom was worth all sacrifices, even if it meant being separated from his family or spending years in prison.

A New Nation is Born

The lesson ends on a note of hope and optimism. Mandela dreams of a South Africa where all people, black and white, live together in harmony. He dreams of a country where every citizen is free to live with dignity, equality, and opportunity. Key Themes and Messages:

• Freedom and Equality: True freedom means the ability to live with dignity, respect, and equal rights.

• Unity and Reconciliation: Even after years of injustice, Mandela promoted peace, forgiveness, and unity between blacks and whites.

• Sacrifice and Struggle: The path to freedom is long and difficult, but the sacrifices of many make it possible.

• Leadership and Responsibility: Mandela's leadership was based on courage, humility, and commitment to his people.

नेल्सन मंडेला : स्वतंत्रता की ओर लंबी यात्रा (हिंदी अनुवाद)

यह पाठ नेल्सन मंडेला की आत्मकथा "Long Walk to Freedom" से लिया गया एक अंश है। इसमें मंडेला उस ऐतिहासिक दिन का वर्णन करते हैं जब वह 10 मई 1994 को दक्षिण अफ्रीका के पहले अश्वेत राष्ट्रपति बने। यह दिन दक्षिण अफ्रीका में रंगभेद की नीति के अंत और नए लोकतांत्रिक युग की शुरुआत का प्रतीक था।

स्वतंत्रता दिवस का वर्णन

मंडेला बताते हैं कि यह दिन उनके जीवन का सबसे महान और ऐतिहासिक दिन था। राजधानी प्रिटोरिया के यूनियन बिल्डिंग में शपथ ग्रहण समारोह हुआ, जिसमें दुनिया भर के नेता और गणमान्य व्यक्ति उपस्थित थे। यह समारोह एक नए युग की शुरुआत थी, जहाँ हर व्यक्ति को समान अधिकार मिले।

इस दिन दो राष्ट्रगान गाए गए — एक श्वेतों के लिए और एक अश्वेतों के लिए। यह इस बात का संकेत था कि अब दोनों समुदायों को समान रूप से सम्मान दिया जा रहा है।

स्वतंत्रता सेनानियों को श्रद्धांजलि

नेल्सन मंडेला इस अवसर पर उन सभी लोगों को याद करते हैं जिन्होंने स्वतंत्रता के लिए संघर्ष किया — कुछ प्रसिद्ध हैं, कुछ गुमनाम। वे कहते हैं कि वे केवल एक प्रतिनिधि हैं, असली नायक वे लोग हैं जिन्होंने अपने जीवन की आहुति दी ताकि आने वाली पीढ़ियाँ स्वतंत्रता में जी सकें।

मंडेला मानते हैं कि बलिदान के बिना स्वतंत्रता संभव नहीं होती। यह उनकी दृढ़ इच्छाशक्ति और संघर्ष का ही परिणाम है कि आज देश आज़ाद है।

स्वतंत्रता का असली अर्थ

मंडेला बताते हैं कि बचपन में वह स्वतंत्रता को केवल खेलने, दौड़ने और खाने-पीने की आज़ादी के रूप में समझते थे। लेकिन जैसे-जैसे वे बड़े हुए, उन्होंने महसूस किया कि असली स्वतंत्रता का अर्थ है सम्मान के साथ जीवन जीना, भेदभाव से मुक्त होना, और दूसरों की आज़ादी का भी सम्मान करना।

वे कहते हैं कि जब तक दूसरों को स्वतंत्रता नहीं मिलती, तब तक कोई भी व्यक्ति वास्तव में स्वतंत्र नहीं होता।

साहस और प्रेम का संदेश

मंडेला का मानना है कि साहस का अर्थ डर की अनुपस्थिति नहीं है, बल्कि डर पर विजय पाना है। उन्होंने यह भी कहा कि कोई भी व्यक्ति जन्म से किसी अन्य व्यक्ति से नफरत नहीं करता, चाहे वह उसकी त्वचा का रंग, भाषा या धर्म अलग ही क्यों न हो। नफरत करना सीखा जाता है, लेकिन प्रेम करना अधिक स्वाभाविक होता है।

एक नई शुरुआत

यह पाठ आशा और एक नवीन लोकतांत्रिक दक्षिण अफ्रीका के संदेश के साथ समाप्त होता है। मंडेला एक ऐसे देश का सपना देखते हैं जहाँ हर नागरिक को समानता, न्याय और सम्मान मिले। वे चाहते हैं कि सभी जाति, धर्म और रंग के लोग एकता और प्रेम के साथ रहें।

पाठ से प्राप्त मुख्य शिक्षाएं:

• सच्ची स्वतंत्रता का अर्थ केवल व्यक्तिगत आज़ादी नहीं, बल्कि सामाजिक समानता भी है।

• साहस और बलिदान के बिना स्वतंत्रता संभव नहीं।

• नेतृत्व का मतलब सत्ता नहीं, बल्कि लोगों की सेवा करना है।

• प्रेम और क्षमा के जरिए नफरत को मिटाया जा सकता है।

 150 कठिन शब्द (Difficult Words) पाठ "Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom"

✅ Difficult Words List (With Hindi Pronunciation & Meaning)

1. Apartheid – अपार्थेड – रंगभेद नीति

2. Inauguration – इनॉगरैशन – उद्घाटन समारोह

3. Sworn in – स्वॉर्न इन – शपथ लेना

4. Dignitaries – डिग्निटरीज – विशिष्ट व्यक्ति

5. Spectacular – स्पेक्टाक्युलर – शानदार

6. Amphitheatre – एम्फीथिएटर – खुला रंगमंच

7. Solemn – सॉलेम्न – गंभीर

8. Pledging – प्लेजिंग – प्रतिज्ञा करना

9. Obey – ओबे – पालन करना

10. Resilience – रेज़िलिएंस – सहनशक्ति

11. Deprivation – डेप्रिवेशन – अभाव

12. Discrimination – डिस्क्रिमिनेशन – भेदभाव

13. Reconciliation – रिकन्सिलिएशन – मेल-मिलाप

14. Glorious – ग्लोरियस – गौरवपूर्ण

15. Emancipation – ईमैन्सिपेशन – मुक्ति

16. Profound – प्रोफाउंड – गहरा

17. Liberty – लिबर्टी – स्वतंत्रता

18. Oppression – ओप्रेशन – दमन

19. Outlawed – आउटलॉड – अवैध घोषित

20. Curtailed – कर्टेल्ड – सीमित किया गया

21. Obstruction – ऑब्स्ट्रक्शन – बाधा

22. Triumph – ट्रायम्फ – विजय

23. Racial – रेशियल – नस्लीय

24. Equality – इक्वालिटी – समानता

25. Decade – डिकेड – दशक

26. Depths – डेप्थ्स – गहराई

27. Hostility – हॉस्टिलिटी – शत्रुता

28. Patriot – पैट्रिऑट – देशभक्त

29. Humility – ह्यूमिलिटी – नम्रता

30. Resentment – रिज़ेन्टमेंट – नाराजगी

31. Selflessness – सेल्फलेसनेस – निःस्वार्थता

32. Yearned – यर्न्ड – तरसना

33. Obligations – ऑब्लिगेशन्स – जिम्मेदारियाँ

34. Inclination – इन्क्लिनेशन – प्रवृत्ति

35. Chains – चेन्स – बेड़ियाँ

36. Intimate – इन्टिमेट – निकट

37. Dominance – डॉमिनेंस – प्रभुत्व

38. Unintended – अनइन्टेन्डेड – अनजाना

39. Responsibilities – रिस्पॉन्सिबिलिटीज – जिम्मेदारियाँ

40. Comrades – कॉमरेड्स – साथी

41. Revolution – रेवोल्यूशन – क्रांति

42. Sacrifices – सैक्रिफाइसेस – बलिदान

43. Valley – वैली – घाटी

44. Pinnacle – पिनेकल – शिखर

45. Joyous – जॉयस – आनंदित

46. Beside – बिसाइड – के पास

47. Daring – डेरिंग – साहसी

48. Constitution – कॉन्स्टिट्यूशन – संविधान

49. Multiracial – मल्टीरेशियल – बहु-नस्लीय

50. Loyal – लॉयल – वफादार

51. Language – लैंग्वेज – भाषा

52. Discharge – डिस्चार्ज – मुक्त करना

53. Hostile – हॉस्टाइल – दुश्मन

54. Rejoice – रीजॉयस – खुशी मनाना

55. Ancestral – एन्सेस्ट्रल – पैतृक

56. Robbed – रॉब्ड – लूटा गया

57. Courage – करेज – साहस

58. Inspire – इंस्पायर – प्रेरित करना

59. Mourn – मॉर्न – शोक मनाना

60. Imposing – इम्पोज़िंग – प्रभावशाली

61. Freedoms – फ्रीडम्स – स्वतंत्रताएँ

62. Brotherhood – ब्रदरहुड – भाईचारा

63. Rights – राइट्स – अधिकार

64. Conquer – कॉन्कर – जीतना

65. Dignity – डिग्निटी – गरिमा

66. Speech – स्पीच – भाषण

67. Confidence – कॉन्फिडेंस – आत्मविश्वास

68. Perseverance – परसिवीरेंस – दृढ़ता

69. Just – जस्ट – न्यायपूर्ण

70. Injustice – इनजस्टिस – अन्याय

71. Victim – विक्टिम – पीड़ित

72. Hatred – हैट्रेड – नफरत

73. Naturally – नैचुरली – स्वाभाविक रूप से

74. Heart – हार्ट – हृदय

75. Generosity – जेनरॉसिटी – उदारता

76. Bravery – ब्रेवरी – वीरता

77. Realised – रिअलाइज्ड – महसूस किया

78. Lacked – लैक्ट – कमी थी

79. Thoughtfulness – थॉटफुलनेस – विचारशीलता

80. Honoured – ऑनर्ड – सम्मानित

81. Symbol – सिंबोल – प्रतीक

82. Medal – मेडल – पदक

83. Sacrifice – सैक्रिफाइस – बलिदान

84. Justice – जस्टिस – न्याय

85. Memory – मेमोरी – स्मृति

86. Historical – हिस्टॉरिकल – ऐतिहासिक

87. Occasion – ओकेजन – अवसर

88. Ceremony – सेरेमनी – समारोह

89. Opponent – ओपोनेन्ट – विरोधी

90. Darkness – डार्कनेस – अंधकार

91. Light – लाइट – प्रकाश

92. Rainbow – रेनबो – इंद्रधनुष

93. Nation – नेशन – राष्ट्र

94. Armed – आर्म्ड – सशस्त्र

95. Pride – प्राइड – गर्व

96. Pledge – प्लेज – शपथ

97. Belief – बिलीफ – विश्वास

98. Harsh – हर्ष – कठोर

99. Struggle – स्ट्रगल – संघर्ष

100. Noble – नोबल – महान

101. Prosperity – प्रोस्पेरिटी – समृद्धि

102. Mutual – म्यूचुअल – आपसी

103. Unity – यूनिटी – एकता

104. Diversity – डाइवर्सिटी – विविधता

105. Democracy – डेमोक्रेसी – लोकतंत्र

106. Forgiveness – फॉरगिवनेस – क्षमा

107. Truth – ट्रुथ – सत्य

108. Rebirth – रीबर्थ – पुनर्जन्म

109. National – नेशनल – राष्ट्रीय

110. Patriotism – पैट्रियोटिज़्म – देशभक्ति

111. Suffered – सफर्ड – भुगता

112. Endurance – एंड्योरेंस – सहनशीलता

113. Greatness – ग्रेटनेस – महानता

114. Companion – कंपैनियन – साथी

115. Belongings – बिलॉन्गिंग्स – सामान

116. Hope – होप – आशा

117. Future – फ्यूचर – भविष्य

118. Past – पास्ट – अतीत

119. Civil – सिविल – नागरिक

120. Mankind – मैनकाइंड – मानव जाति

121. Blessing – ब्लेसिंग – आशीर्वाद

122. Revolutionaries – रेवोल्यूशनरीज – क्रांतिकारी

123. Pride – प्राइड – अभिमान

124. Nations – नेशन्स – देश

125. Lighted – लाइटेड – प्रकाशित

126. Road – रोड – रास्ता

127. Spirit – स्पिरिट – आत्मा / उत्साह

128. Journey – जर्नी – यात्रा

129. Lifetime – लाइफटाइम – जीवनकाल

130. Achieve – अचीव – प्राप्त करना

131. Leader – लीडर – नेता

132. Terror – टेरर – आतंक

133. Rule – रूल – शासन

134. People – पीपल – लोग

135. Peace – पीस – शांति

136. Devotion – डिवोशन – समर्पण

137. Loyal – लॉयल – निष्ठावान

138. Wisdom – विजडम – बुद्धिमानी

139. Equal – इक्वल – बराबर

140. Challenge – चैलेंज – चुनौती

141. Humanity – ह्यूमैनिटी – मानवता

142. Fearless – फियरलेस – निडर

143. Commitment – कमिटमेंट – प्रतिबद्धता

144. Oppose – ऑपोज़ – विरोध करना

145. Brotherhood – ब्रदरहुड – भाईचारा

146. Determination – डिटरमिनेशन – दृढ़ निश्चय

147. Support – सपोर्ट – समर्थन

148. Rise – राइज़ – उठना / बढ़ना

149. Change – चेंज – परिवर्तन

150. Inspire – इंस्पायर – प्रेरित करना

Short answer type questions 

Q.1. Where did the oath taking ceremony take place?
Ans. The oath taking ceremony took place at the Union Buildings in Pretoria, South Africa. Many leaders and people came to see Nelson Mandela become the first Black President.

Q.2. What ideals did Mandela set out for the future of South Africa in his speech?
Ans. Mandela wanted peace, equality, and freedom for everyone in South Africa. He said there should be no more hate and all people should live together with respect.

Q.3. How according to Mandela, had apartheid policy affected South Africa?
Ans. Mandela said apartheid created hate and pain. It divided people by color. Black people were treated badly and had no rights or freedom.

Q.4. What did Mandela think about the oppressor and the oppressed?
Ans. Mandela said both the oppressor and the oppressed are not free. The oppressor loses his humanity and the oppressed loses his freedom.

Q.5. According to Mandela, what is ‘true freedom’?
Ans. True freedom means to live with dignity, respect, and no fear. It means to have equal rights and choices for everyone.

Q.6. What are the twin obligations referred to by Nelson Mandela?
Ans. Mandela said everyone has two duties: one to their family and one to their country and people. He said both are important.

Q.7. What was unique in the inauguration ceremony?
Ans. The special thing was that a Black man, Nelson Mandela, became the President. Earlier, only white people had power in South Africa.

Q.8. Describe the inauguration ceremony in simple words.
Ans. The ceremony was grand. Many world leaders came. Mandela took oath as President. People were happy and full of hope for a new South Africa.

Q.9. What did the generals and police officers do on that day?
Ans. On that day, generals and police saluted Mandela. They showed respect to the new democratic government. It was a big change from the past.

Q.10. What is the greatest wealth of a nation in Mandela’s opinion?
Ans. Mandela said the people of a nation are the greatest wealth. If people are good and honest, the nation becomes great.

Q.11. Who was Nelson Mandela? Why did he fight with the White rule of his country?
Ans. Nelson Mandela was a freedom fighter. He fought against white rule because they treated Black people badly. He wanted freedom and equality for all.

Q.12. According to Mandela, what is the meaning of ‘Freedom’?
Ans. Freedom means living without fear. It means equal rights for all. Everyone should live with respect, do jobs, and enjoy life freely.

Q.13. According to Mandela, who is not free?
Ans. A person who is afraid, who cannot speak or live freely, is not free. Both the oppressed and oppressor are not truly free.

Q.14. According to Mandela, who is a brave man?
Ans. A brave man is not one who has no fear, but one who controls fear and fights for truth and justice.

Q.15. How long was Mandela not troubled by the laws of man or God?
Ans. In his early life, Mandela was not troubled by laws. He thought life was simple. But later he saw injustice and felt troubled.

Q.16. Why did Nelson Mandela thank the international leaders?
Ans. Mandela thanked them because they came to support South Africa’s new democracy. It showed the world respected the change and stood with them.

Long Answer Type Questions 

Q.1. What does Mandela think about the patriots? Can their sacrifices be repaid?
Ans. Nelson Mandela believes that patriots love their country deeply. They sacrifice their lives for the freedom of others. He says their sacrifices are priceless and cannot be repaid. We can only honor and respect them forever.

Q.2. What are the ideas of Nelson Mandela regarding courage, love and hate?
Ans. Nelson Mandela says courage is not the absence of fear, but the victory over it. He believes people are born to love, not to hate. Love comes naturally in the heart. Hatred is learned, but love is more powerful.

Q.3. Nelson Mandela was the hero of South Africa’s freedom movement. Comment.
Ans. Nelson Mandela spent 30 years in jail fighting for his people’s freedom. He ended apartheid and gave equal rights to all. He became the first black President of South Africa. So, he is rightly called a hero of South Africa.

Q.4. What were the difficulties faced by Nelson Mandela in achieving freedom for his people?
Ans. Nelson Mandela faced many difficulties. He spent 30 years in prison. The government treated black people badly. They had no rights. Mandela fought against this injustice with courage and patience to bring freedom and equality.

Q.5. What does Nelson Mandela refer to as an extraordinary human disaster?
Ans. Nelson Mandela calls apartheid an extraordinary human disaster. It was a system in South Africa where black people were treated unfairly and had no rights. It caused pain, hatred, and separation among people.

Q.6. Who was Nelson Mandela? What ideals did he set out for the future of South Africa in his inauguration speech?
Ans. Nelson Mandela was a great leader and the first black President of South Africa. In his speech, he promised to build a nation without racism. He dreamed of peace, equality, justice, and freedom for all.

Q.7. How did Nelson Mandela describe the scene of the inauguration?
Ans. Nelson Mandela described the day of inauguration as a great day of hope and unity. It was held in a beautiful building in Pretoria. Leaders from many countries came to support. The sky was full of fighter planes showing respect.

Q.8. Describe Nelson Mandela.
Ans. Nelson Mandela was a brave and kind leader. He spent 30 years in jail for justice. He fought against apartheid and became South Africa’s first black President. He believed in freedom, peace, and equality for everyone.

30 exam-oriented Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) based on the UP Board Class 10 English Lesson: “Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom.”

✅ MCQs: Nelson Mandela – Long Walk to Freedom

1. Who is the author of "Long Walk to Freedom"?
   a) Mahatma Gandhi
   b) Nelson Mandela
   c) Desmond Tutu
   d) Jawaharlal Nehru
   → b) Nelson Mandela

2. "Long Walk to Freedom" is an extract from whose autobiography?
   a) Abraham Lincoln
   b) Martin Luther King Jr.
   c) Nelson Mandela
   d) Barack Obama
   → c) Nelson Mandela

3. Nelson Mandela was sworn in as the president of South Africa in —
   a) 1992
   b) 1993
   c) 1994
   d) 1995
   → c) 1994

4. Which date was the inauguration ceremony held?
   a) 26 January
   b) 10 May
   c) 15 August
   d) 1 April
   → b) 10 May

5. Where was the inauguration ceremony held?
   a) Union Buildings, Pretoria
   b) Cape Town Parliament
   c) Soweto Square
   d) Johannesburg Hall
   → a) Union Buildings, Pretoria

6. Who accompanied Mandela on the podium during the oath ceremony?
   a) His wife
   b) Former President
   c) His daughter
   d) Chief Justice
   → d) Chief Justice

7. What type of government was formed in South Africa in 1994?
   a) Monarchy
   b) Military rule
   c) Democratic government
   d) Communist government
   → c) Democratic government

8. According to Mandela, who were his greatest heroes?
   a) Kings
   b) Political leaders
   c) Common people and comrades
   d) Teachers
   → c) Common people and comrades

9. Mandela's party was —
   a) African Unity Movement
   b) African National Congress
   c) Nationalist Party
   d) Freedom Alliance
   → b) African National Congress

10. Which system did Mandela fight against?
    a) Socialism
    b) Communism
    c) Apartheid
    d) Democracy
    → c) Apartheid

11. What does 'apartheid' mean?
    a) Unity of races
    b) Peaceful life
    c) Racial discrimination
    d) Freedom
    → c) Racial discrimination

12. How long was Nelson Mandela imprisoned?
    a) 10 years
    b) 20 years
    c) 27 years
    d) 15 years
    → c) 27 years

13. What did Mandela say about courage?
    a) It is born
    b) It means absence of fear
    c) It is a superpower
    d) It is triumph over fear
    → d) It is triumph over fear

14. What lesson did Mandela learn from his comrades?
    a) Leadership
    b) Bravery and sacrifice
    c) Economics
    d) Military tactics
    → b) Bravery and sacrifice

15. According to Mandela, no one is born —
    a) Rich
    b) Free
    c) Hating another person
    d) Intelligent
    → c) Hating another person

16. What does Mandela think about freedom?
    a) Only white people deserve it
    b) It is for rich only
    c) It is natural right for all
    d) It should be paid for
    → c) It is natural right for all

17. How many deputy presidents took oath with Mandela?
    a) One
    b) Two
    c) Three
    d) None
    → b) Two

18. Who is the author of the book “Long Walk to Freedom”?
    a) Nelson Mandela
    b) Barack Obama
    c) Mahatma Gandhi
    d) Abraham Lincoln
    → a) Nelson Mandela

19. Which emotion did Mandela feel most on the inauguration day?
    a) Anger
    b) Joy
    c) Pride and Responsibility
    d) Fear
    → c) Pride and Responsibility

20. According to Mandela, a brave man is —
    a) Who feels no pain
    b) Who conquers fear
    c) Who never cries
    d) Who fights war
    → b) Who conquers fear

21. Which flag was hoisted after the oath ceremony?
    a) British flag
    b) African National Congress flag
    c) New South African flag
    d) Red Cross flag
    → c) New South African flag

22. How does Mandela define true freedom?
    a) Economic independence
    b) Power to dominate others
    c) Freedom from fear and discrimination
    d) Luxury lifestyle
    → c) Freedom from fear and discrimination

23. What does Mandela say about the oppressor?
    a) He is free
    b) He is powerful
    c) He is also a prisoner of hatred
    d) He is king
    → c) He is also a prisoner of hatred

24. According to Mandela, the greatest wealth of a nation is —
    a) Gold
    b) Army
    c) People
    d) Technology
    → c) People

25. The inauguration ceremony was attended by —
    a) Only South Africans
    b) Only politicians
    c) International dignitaries and leaders
    d) Mandela’s family
    → c) International dignitaries and leaders

26. What type of people inspired Mandela the most?
    a) Celebrities
    b) Rich businessmen
    c) Ordinary men of courage and wisdom
    d) Teachers
    → c) Ordinary men of courage and wisdom

27. Mandela's struggle was against —
    a) Illiteracy
    b) Communism
    c) Racial domination
    d) Environmental damage
    → c) Racial domination

28. What did Mandela feel about his childhood freedom?
    a) It was a lie
    b) He was fully free
    c) It was limited
    d) It was disturbed
    → c) It was limited

29. What does 'a rainbow nation' signify?
    a) Diverse races living in harmony
    b) Flags of the country
    c) Colors of uniform
    d) Mandela’s party symbol
    → a) Diverse races living in harmony

30. The lesson “Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom” is written in —
    a) Story form
    b) Diary form
    c) Autobiographical form
    d) Interview form
    → c) Autobiographical fo